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Weather Radar (Level II)
This dataset consists of Level II weather radar data collected from Next-Generation Radar (NEXRAD) stations located in the contiguous United States, Alaska, Hawaii, U.S. territories and at military base sites. NEXRAD is a network of 160 high-resolution Doppler weather radars operated by the NOAA National Weather Service (NWS), the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), and the U.S. Air Force (USAF). Doppler radars detect atmospheric precipitation and winds, which allow scientists to track and anticipate weather events, such as rain, ice pellets, snow, hail, and tornadoes, as well as some non-weather objects like birds and insects. NEXRAD stations use the Weather Surveillance Radar - 1988, Doppler (WSR-88D) system. This is a 10 cm wavelength (S-Band) radar that operates at a frequency between 2,700 and 3,000 MHz. The radar system operates in two basic modes: a slow-scanning Clear Air Mode (Mode B) for analyzing air movements when there is little or no precipitation activity in the area, and a Precipitation Mode (Mode A) with a faster scan for tracking active weather. The two modes employ nine Volume Coverage Patterns (VCPs) to adequately sample the atmosphere based on weather conditions. A VCP is a series of 360 degree sweeps of the antenna at pre-determined elevation angles and pulse repetition frequencies completed in a specified period of time. The radar scan times 4.5, 5, 6 or 10 minutes depending on the selected VCP. The NEXRAD products are divided into multiple data processing levels. The lower Level II data contain the three meteorological base data quantities at original resolution: reflectivity, mean radial velocity, and spectrum width. With the advent of dual polarization beginning in 2011, additional base products of differential reflectivity, correlation coefficient and differential phase are available. Level II data are recorded at all NWS and most USAF and FAA WSR-88D sites. From the Level II quantities, computer processing generates numerous meteorological analysis Level 3 products. NEXRAD data are acquired by the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) for archiving and dissemination to users. Data coverage varies by station and ranges from June 1991 to 1 day from present. Most stations began observing in the mid-1990s, and most period of records are continuous.
- Cite as: NOAA National Weather Service (NWS) Radar Operations Center (1991): NOAA Next Generation Radar (NEXRAD) Level 2 Base Data. [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.7289/V5W9574V [access date].
- NCEI DSI 6500_12
- NCEI DSI 6500_13
- NCEI DSI 6500_14
- NCEI DSI 6500_15
- gov.noaa.ncdc:C00345
| Search Data | - NCEI Data Search(search)
Search the data archive to submit an order via the interface or download files if available. - OCC Environmental Data Commons(search)
Service to search space and time for NEXRAD level 2 data of interest. This search service will return persistent digital identifiers for accessing data from given NEXRAD stations and date ranges. - NCEI GIS Map Viewer(search)
Dynamic GIS mapping application to locate stations and data for selected layers. - NCEI NEXRAD Data Inventory Search(search)
Search for radar data and estimated VCP mode by station ID, location, and date via a text-based interface.
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| Download Data | - Amazon S3 bucket(download)
NEXRAD Level 2 archive data is hosted in the 'noaa-nexrad-level2' Amazon S3 bucket. - AWS JavaScript S3 Explorer(download)
Browse the contents of the NEXRAD Level 2 archive via the AWS JavaScript S3 Explorer. - NCEI NEXRAD Map Server(download)
ArcGIS Server REST API for the dataset. - NCEI NEXRAD WMS(download)
Web Map Service for the dataset. - NCEI NEXRAD WFS(download)
Web Feature Service for the dataset. - KMZ file for dataset(download)
Direct download link for KMZ file.
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| Distribution Formats | - Native Binary
- File Compression: Unix Zip (.Z), GNU zip (.gz), or Bzip2 compression, and tape archive (.tar) may be applied to data files retrieved from the NCEI archive.
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| Distributor | Customer Engagement Branch
DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
1-828-271-4800
ncei.orders@noaa.gov |
| Dataset Point of Contact | Customer Engagement Branch
DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
1-828-271-4800
ncei.orders@noaa.gov
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| Time Period | 1991-06-05 to Present |
| Spatial Bounding Box Coordinates | S: 11.0 W: 124.0 |
| Spatial Coverage Map |
| Dataset Information | - NCEI NEXRAD page
Informational resources for NEXRAD Radar Data.
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| General Documentation | - NOAA Next Generation Radar (NEXRAD) Level 2 Base Data Landing page
Dataset landing page with general information and access links for the dataset. - NEXRAD on Amazon Web Service (AWS)
Amazon documentation for accessing the complete NEXRAD Level 2 archive on AWS S3 cloud storage. - NEXRAD Display and Conversion Tools
Information on free visualization, analysis, and decoding tools for the radar data format.
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| Associated Resources | - NEXRAD WSR-88D Interface Control Documents
- NEXRAD WSR-88D Interface Control Documents
The Interface Control Documents (ICDs) describe the data format specification for multiple WSR-88D Build Versions.
- Federal Meteorological Handbook No. 11 - Doppler Radar Meteorological Observations, Part A - System Concepts, Responsibilities, and Procedures
- Part A - System Concepts, Responsibilities, and Procedures(download)
Document includes WSR-88D system concepts, terminology and acronyms.
- Federal Meteorological Handbook No. 11 - Doppler Radar Meteorological Observations, Part B - Doppler Radar Theory and Meteorology
- Part B - Doppler Radar Theory and Meteorology(download)
Document provides a background in doppler radar meteorology.
- Federal Meteorological Handbook No. 11 - Doppler Radar Meteorological Observations, Part C - WSR-88D Products and Algorithms
- Part C - WSR-88D Products and Algorithms(download)
Document provides a full description of the WSR-88D meteorological and hydrological products and algorithms.
- Federal Meteorological Handbook No. 11 - Doppler Radar Meteorological Observations, Part D - WSR-88D Unit Description and Operational Applications
- Part D - WSR-88D Unit Description and Operational Applications(download)
Document provides an overview of unit operations and functional flow and insights into the meteorological applications of the WSR-88D.
- The WSR-88D and the WSR-88D Operational Support Facility
- The WSR-88D and the WSR-88D Operational Support Facility
AMS Journal Publication.
- History of Operational Use of Weather Radar by U.S. Weather Services. Part I: The Pre-NEXRAD Era
- History of Operational Use of Weather Radar by U.S. Weather Services. Part I: The Pre-NEXRAD Era
AMS Journal Publication.
- History of Operational Use of Weather Radar by U.S. Weather Services. Part II: Development of Operational Doppler Weather Radars
- History of Operational Use of Weather Radar by U.S. Weather Services. Part II: Development of Operational Doppler Weather Radars
AMS Journal Publication.
- NOAA Big Data Project (BDP)
- NOAA Big Data Project
Information on the NOAA Big Data Project and its collaborators.
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| Publication Dates | |
| Data Presentation Form | Digital image
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| Dataset Progress Status | Ongoing - data is continually being updated |
| Data Update Frequency | Continual |
| Supplemental Information | During 2008, the WSR-88D radars were upgraded to produce increased spatial resolution data, called Super Resolution. The earlier (Legacy Resolution) data before 2008 provides radar reflectivity at 1.0 degree azimuthal by 1 km range gate resolution to a range of 460 km, and Doppler velocity and spectrum width at 1.0 degree azimuthal by 250 m range gate resolution to a range of 230 km. The upgraded Super Resolution data provides radar reflectivity at 0.5 degree azimuthal by 250 m range gate resolution to a range of 460 km, and Doppler velocity and spectrum width at 0.5 degree azimuthal by 250 m range gate resolution to a range of 300 km. Super resolution makes a compromise of slightly decreased noise reduction for a large gain in resolution. In 2010, the deployment of the Dual Polarization (Dual Pol) capability to NEXRAD sites began with the first operational Dual Pol radar in May 2011. Dual Pol radar capability adds vertical polarization to the previous horizontal radar waves, in order to more accurately discern the return signal. This allows the radar to better distinguish between types of precipitation (e.g., rain, hail and snow), improves rainfall estimates, improves data retrieval in mountainous terrain, and aids in removal of non-weather artifacts. |
| Purpose | Level-2 NEXRAD data include three meteorological base data quantities: reflectivity, mean radial velocity, and spectrum width. With the advent of dual polarization beginning in 2011, additional base products of differential reflectivity, correlation coefficient and differential phase are available. |
Network Radar 2 0 5 0
| Dataset Citation | - Cite as: NOAA National Weather Service (NWS) Radar Operations Center (1991): NOAA Next Generation Radar (NEXRAD) Level 2 Base Data. [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.7289/V5W9574V [access date].
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| Cited Authors | - DOC/NOAA/NWS/ROC > Radar Operations Center, National Weather Service, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
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| Originators | - DOC/NOAA/NWS/ROC > Radar Operations Center, National Weather Service, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
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| Publishers | - NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
- DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCDC > National Climatic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
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| Theme keywords | Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords- Earth Science > Spectral/Engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
- Earth Science > Spectral/Engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
- Earth Science > Spectral/Engineering > Radar > Spectrum Width
- Earth Science > Spectral/Engineering > Sensor Characteristics > Viewing Geometry
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| Data Center keywords | Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords- DOC/NOAA/NWS/ROC > Radar Operations Center, National Weather Service, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
- DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
- DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCDC > National Climatic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
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| Platform keywords | Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Platform Keywords- In Situ Land-based Platforms > Weather Stations/Networks > Weather Stations
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| Instrument keywords | Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords- Earth Remote Sensing Instruments > Active Remote Sensing > Profilers/Sounders > Radar Sounders > NEXRAD > NEXt Generation RADar
- Earth Remote Sensing Instruments > Active Remote Sensing > Profilers/Sounders > Radar Sounders > Doppler Radar
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| Place keywords | Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords- Continent > North America > United States Of America
- Continent > Asia > Eastern Asia > South Korea
- Geographic Region > Mid-Latitude
- Geographic Region > Northern Hemisphere
- Ocean > Atlantic Ocean > North Atlantic Ocean > Azores
- Ocean > Atlantic Ocean > North Atlantic Ocean > Caribbean Sea > Puerto Rico
- Ocean > Atlantic Ocean > North Atlantic Ocean > Gulf Of Mexico
- Ocean > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Guam
- Ocean > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands
- Ocean > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Kiribati
- Ocean > Pacific Ocean > North Pacific Ocean > Bering Sea
- Ocean > Pacific Ocean > North Pacific Ocean > Gulf Of Alaska
- Ocean > Pacific Ocean > North Pacific Ocean > Okinawa
- Ocean > Pacific Ocean > Western Pacific Ocean > East China Sea
- Ocean > Pacific Ocean > Western Pacific Ocean > Yellow Sea
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| Project keywords | Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Project KeywordsKeyword Thesaurus Title- NOAA Big Data Project (BDP)
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| Stratum keywords | Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords- Vertical Location > Boundary Layer
- Vertical Location > Land Surface
- Vertical Location > Troposphere
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| Use Constraints | - Cite as: NOAA National Weather Service (NWS) Radar Operations Center (1991): NOAA Next Generation Radar (NEXRAD) Level 2 Base Data. [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.7289/V5W9574V [access date].
- Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose.
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| Access Constraints | - Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives.
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| Fees | - In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free, however fees may apply for data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media.
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